Everything about El Abra totally explained
El Abra is an
Archaeological excavation site, located in the same name valley, east to the city of
Zipaquirá, department
Cundinamarca,
Colombia; in the
Altiplano Cundiboyacense, at an altitude of 2.570m. This
cave system is one of the first
Human settlements in
America, used by the
Homo sapiens inhabitants of the late
pleistocene epoch.
The first research in the place was developed in 1967, and the stratigraphy of
lithic instruments,
bones and vegetal
charcoal with
radiocarbon dating established the date of the settlement in 12.400 BCE ± 160 years.
Archaeological Research
In 1960, the
Indiana University collaborated in a more deep research. In 1970 the
Netherlands Foundation for the Advancement of Tropical Research (NWO-WOTRO)discovered 4 new Pre-pottery sites and the analisis of lake sediments allowed a more accurate understanding of the original weather and flora
From 15000 BCE to 12500 BCE.Itis characterized by a cold weather, flora typical of
Páramo ecosystem and
stone tools
12.500 years ago, a gradual rise of temperature allowed the growing of
andean cloud forest and the settlement of many animal species,making easier the
hunting. Of this period are the
abrienses flint (tool)s, and
chopper cores. While the weather was more benign, the cave system was being gradually less used.
Tibitó stadial
The excavations of this period, near
Tocancipá town, dated 11400 years BCE, shows lithic instruments, Bone instruments and remains of Pleistocenic fauna, such as
mastodons (
Haplomastodon and
Cuvieronius hyodon), American
horse (
Equus amerhipuus lasallei), and deer (
Odocoileus virginianus) with traces of ritual ceremonies.
El Abra stadial
Dated 11.000 BCE, it's characterized by a new cooling of the weather, recession of the forests and a last
glaciation. From this period the archaeological places of
Tequendama Falls in
Soacha shows lithic instruments (
tequendamenses tools) with a more smooth manufacture, many of them made with materials bring to this places from the
Magdalena river valley, such as
Quartzite.
10000 years BCE the last glaciation ended, the andean forest appeared again. The lithic instruments shows a rise in the recollecting activities, with
rodents and
vegetables consume, and low amount of large animals hunting. The Abra caves were abandoned gradually
Aguazuque
5.000 BCE the agriculture was stablished in terraces, grinding stone instruments can be observed in association with itinerant habits.
abriense type instruments disappear.
Further Information
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